原文: 公交车上8大行为影响健康

城市上班族多数都要每日和公交车打交道，还有很多离退休老人外出时也要乘公交车。几乎每个人都有乘坐公交车的经历，但乘车时有很多妨碍人体健康且影响养生的习惯，可能少有人注意，在此列出八条不宜。希望经常坐公交车出行的朋友对照一下，如错了，及时改掉：

1.车上不宜看书。

从感觉上像是乘车学习两不误，实际上是用巨大代价换取微小的回报。运行中的公交车内光线强度、数量随时都在变化，这必然迫使人的瞳孔不断地进行调节而适应环境，直接导致 视觉疲劳，加速眼细胞老化，使视力不断下降。如果看书时注意力高度集中，势必会使身体保持一种长时间的固定姿势，后果是腰酸背痛，手足发麻。如果因此坐过 了站，岂不误事?

2.车上不宜听音乐。

随着MP3及MP4的普及，尤其是青年人、中年人都习惯于随身携带，并且播放机的容量也越来越大，很多人整天都在听音乐。医学研究已经 证实，随身听的耳机已经成为人类听力健康的杀手。声波通过和人耳“完美结合”的耳机(尤其是耳塞式)将振动滴水不漏地传人内耳，直接作用于内耳听觉器官， 对人的听力损害特别大。时间久了，就会出现耳鸣、内耳疼痛甚至引发中耳炎，由此引发的头晕脑涨更是经常事。一旦发生损害，后果就无可挽回。如果只为一时耳 快，而造成陈旧性耳聋，未免得不偿失了。

3.车上不宜打盹。

对于一些习惯于熬夜的上班族来说，如果坐车时间稍长，便可以小睡一阵，以为可以缓解疲劳，恢复精力，其实这完全是错觉。在公交车上打 盹，只会增加疲劳程度，严重的甚至会引发皮肤麻痹、神经衰弱等，降低人体免疫力，变得特别容易感冒。同时，在人进入浅睡眠状态时，肢体等器官均处于半休眠 阶段，血流减缓，神经系统也开始放松，人体自我保护意识被抑制，一旦到站或遇上紧急刹车乃至发生事故，要想从睡眠中一下子解脱出来，迅速恢复瞌睡前状态， 势必加大神经系统的工作量，伤害是不可避免的。即使这样，人的应激反应也会迟钝，真发生意外，后果不堪设想。另外，人体长时期处于坐姿，会压迫腿部和臀部 肌肉血管，使腿脚麻木，上肢僵硬，脊背强直，严重者引发颈椎病、静脉曲张等，只会损害健康。

4.车上不宜喝饮料。

常见有人拎着纯净水或汽水或果汁等饮料上车，时不时打开喝一口，感觉十分惬意。实际上，在公交车上喝饮料，潜在着很大风险。其一，安全 性不能保证。喝饮料时容易忽视周边环境，被人挤碰或不慎跌倒都有可能;其二，一旦公交车加速或急刹车，这时喝饮料，极易将液体呛入气管，轻者引发咳嗽，重 者容易丧生。至于饮料洒到自己或别人衣物上，也会增加不必要的麻烦。

5.车上不宜吃零食。

像什么饼干、巧克力、甜点心、糖块等都是人们喜欢在公交车上进食的，这是一个十分不好的习惯。原因很简单，公交车上人员流动性 大，人员构成复杂，不排除有病菌携带者甚至传播者，同时，卫生状况也不容乐观，开门关门，车内外的灰尘、飞沫、纸片等都会加重车内环境污染。如果有吸烟的 喝酒的加之人体自有的气味，朝一起混杂，在这种氛围内进食，如何避免所食之物完全不受污染?如何保证进食前手的卫生?如果进食了受污染的食物，极易导致腹痛、腹泻，发生胃肠道疾病。

6.车上不宜化妆。

爱美之心，人皆有，不过也得分场合。经常能在公交车上见到有些女士很随意地从衣袋或手包中掏出简易的梳妆盒，朝脸上涂粉，或者拿眉笔描 眉，拿唇膏抹嘴唇。其实，这不仅增加了自己肌肤感染病菌的机会，而且加重车内的环境污染，不光暴露出自己的不美之处，还极易招人反感。试想一下，在极有限的空间和极有限的视觉范围内，能保证脸上的粉涂得匀，眉上的笔画粗细合适，唇上的膏抹得合理吗?一旦出错，反而不美。公交车走走停停，不排除意外情况，因为化妆没注意，碰了头碰了唇，损失就大了。

7.车上不宜带宠物。

有些喜爱宠物的人经常带着宠物外出，自然也有带着乘公交的。宠物以猫和狗居多。把宠物带上车，受各种因素限制，不管主人有没有座位，都 得抱着它，这无形中增加了宠物身上致病菌的传播机会，给其他人也带去危险。一旦宠物不顺心，大叫大闹，必会影响其他乘客，也破坏自己的心情。如果发生急刹 车，就有可能有乘客磕碰到宠物，可能会发生宠物伤人事件，可能伤害别人，也可能伤害主人。这也是对其他乘客不负责的表现。

8.车上不宜服药。

这多见于老年人。他们的药随身携带，坐到座上，随手掏出一片就塞到嘴里。排除车辆行进时吃药可能发生的哽噎，因为上车一般很少携带足量的水，好多人尤其是老年人喜欢干吞药片。这不仅影响药效，还会对食道造成损害，因而，尽量避免在公交车上吃药。

其实，在公交车上还有很多的人们应该注意的不良习惯，比如大声说笑吵闹，比如频繁接打电话收发短信，比如盯住某人后发愣，等等。限于篇幅，不再赘述。

为了自己和他人的健康，一定要记住这“八不宜”。

译文: Eight Kinds of Behavior on the Bus Affecting Health

The majority of the office staff need to take bus every day. Still，there are a lot of retired elderly people have to take bus when they go out. Almost everyone has the experience of taking bus. But few people may note that many habits on the bus may do harm to health，even affect longevity. Here we will list eight of them. I hope that those friends who regularly take bus may consult them. And if you have such habits，get rid of them timely：

1.Should not read on the bus.

It seems that we are not at the expense of ride and study. In fact，we pay a high price in exchange for minimal returns. When the car is running，the intensity and the number of light in the bus changes at any time，which is bound to force a person's pupil constantly adjusts to adapt to the environment，directly resulting in visual fatigue and accelerating eye cells aging，therefore，the vision continues to drop. If you’re highly concentrated when you are reading，it is bound to  maintain a fixed position for a long time，and the consequences will be back pains and numbness of extremities. If therefore resulting in reaching your stop without noticing，isn't it a trouble？

2.Should not listen to music on the bus.

With the popularity of MP3 and MP4, especially the young and the middle-aged are accustomed to carry it. What’s more，the capacity of these players is also growing, many people listen to music all day. Medical research has confirmed that the headphones of the Walkman have become the killer of the health of human being's hearing. Sound waves，through headphones(especially the earplug-style) which has a “perfect combination”with ears， watertightly send vibration to the inner ear，directly impacting on the hearing organ in the inner ear，which makes a particularly great damage to our hearing. Over time, there will be ringing in the ears, ear pain and may even trigger a otitis media，which addles one’s head even more often. Once damage is there，the result will be irreparable. If causing longtime deafness due to a spur of excitement for ears，there will be more harm than good.

3.Should not doze on the bus.

For some office workers who used to stay up late，if it takes a longer time on the bus，they can nap for a while and assume that it can help alleviate the fatigue and restore energy，in fact, this is a wrong impression. Dozing on the bus will only add to fatigue, what’s worse，it may cause skin paralysis，neurasthenia，etc.，leading to reduce the human body immunity and become particularly vulnerable to influenza. At the same time，when one enters the state of light sleep，body parts such as organs are in a semi-dormant stage, leading to slow blood flow，the nervous system begin to relax and one’s conciousness of self-protection be prohibited，once the bus arrives at the stop，brakes suddenly or even encounters an accident，a rapid restoration of the former sleepy state is bound to increase the workload of the nervous system, then the damage is inevitable. Even so，one’s stress reaction will be slow. If the accident is really there，the consequences would be unthinkable. In addition，if the human body keeps in a sitting position for a long time，it will oppress blood vessels in the leg and hip muscles，leading to the legs and feet numbness，stiff upper limbs and back stiffness, what’s worse，it will cause cervical spondylosis，varicose vein，etc. it will only damage the health.

4.Should not have a drink on the bus.

It is common that someone carries pure water，soft drinks，fruit juice and other beverages on the bus，they feel satisfied by opening the drink and taking a swallow. In fact，having a drink on the bus hiddens great risks. First, the security can not be guaranteed. It is easy to lose sight of the surrounding environment while having a drink. You may be collided by the crowd，or slipped and fell down. Once the bus speeds up or slam the brake, if you are having a drink at such a moment，it is easy to cause trachea choke by the liquid. If it is just a slight choke，it will cause coughing. If is a severe choke，it will lead to lose life. If spilling the drinks on one’s own clothes of others’，someone may also cause unnecessary troubles.

People like to eat such snacks as biscuits, chocolate, dessert, candy, and something like that on the bus，and this is a bad habit. The reason is simply. There is a great staff mobility and comprehensive personnel，not even rule out the possibility of bacteria carriers and communicators. At the same time，the health situation on the bus can not make you feel optimistic. The dust，droplets, paper, etc. inside and outside the bus will increase the pollution in the bus. If the pollution mixed with the smoking odor from those smokers and drinkers，while eating in such a kind of environment，how to avoid the food items completely free from pollution? How to ensure clean hands before eating? If someone eats contaminated food, it can easily lead to abdominal pain, diarrhea, causing enteric disease.

6.Should not put on makeup on the bus.

Everyone loves beauty，but the occasion shoud be in your consideration. Quite often，we can come across such a scene on the bus that some women take out simple dressing-boxes from pockets or handbags at will，then put powder on the face，use browpencils to draw the eyebrows，or apply lipsticks on lips. In fact，it will not only increase the possibility of the skin being infected，but worsen the pollution in the bus. In addition，it will not only expose one’s unattractiveness，but cause others to feel disgusted. Just imagine, in a very limited space and a very limited vision, can you ensure that your face is properly paited，your eyebrows are properly drawed and your lips are properly applied？Once making mistakes，the result of putting on makeup will be the opposite. The bus is stop-and-go and the accident cannot be ruled out. If someone touches head or tips due to highly concentrated on putting on makeup，the loss will be huge.

7.Should not carry pet with you on the bus.

Some pet lovers often go out with a pet，they will certainly carry the pets on the bus. The majority of the pets are cats and dogs. Carrying the pets on the bus will subject to various constraints, regardless of the owners having any seats，they should hold it，which virtually has increased the spread of pathogens from the pets and posed risks to others. Once the pet is not in good mood and shout，it will affect other passengers and destroy ownesr's mood. If the driver slams the brakes, some passengers may bump the pet and the pet may hurt others，which will harm not only others，but also the owner. This is also irresponsible to others.

This was particularly prevalent among the elderly. They carry the drugs at hand. Once seated，they will pick out one pill and put it in the mouth. Excluded the possible choking due to taking the medicine on the bus while the bus is running on the road，many people especially the elderly like to take the medicine without water because few of them carry water at hand. This will not only affect drug effect，but also caused damage to the esophagus. Thus，we shoud avoid taking the medicine on the bus.

In fact，there are still many habits that many people need to pay attention to，such as loud noise joking，frequently making calls and sending and receiving messages，distracted due to focusing on someone，and so on. Due to the space is limited，I will not repeat them.